Where the marriage took place, where you last lived together and where your spouse now lives can all affect where a case is filed.

A divorce or custody order from abroad is not automatically recognised in India, so parallel proceedings need coordinated advice.

Video conferencing, a Power of Attorney and careful planning can reduce the need to travel to India.

A joint petition where both spouses agree on the terms. The six-month waiting period can be waived by the court in suitable cases.

Filing or defending a divorce petition on grounds such as cruelty or desertion before the family court with jurisdiction.

Advice on whether a divorce granted abroad will be recognised and enforceable in India under Section 13 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

Custody, visitation and cross-border child removal matters, which Indian courts decide on the welfare of the child.

Claims for, or defence against, interim maintenance, permanent alimony and child support.

Applications and defence under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, including protection and residence orders.

Representation in dowry and matrimonial cruelty cases (Section 498A IPC, now Sections 85–86 BNS), including bail and quashing petitions.

Disputes over stridhan, the matrimonial home and other assets acquired during the marriage.

Registration of marriage under the Hindu Marriage Act or Special Marriage Act, and the certificates often needed for visas.

Help for spouses deserted or deceived by an NRI partner, including maintenance claims, complaints and passport-related remedies.