Family · Adoption
Adopting an unrelated child or a relative’s child, and bringing the child to your country of residence — through CARA, the Juvenile Justice Act or Hindu law.
Tell us where you live and whether the child is a relative.
In short
Adoption of orphaned, abandoned or surrendered children is regulated by the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015. Hindus may also adopt under the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956. India is a party to the Hague Adoption Convention, and taking a child abroad needs both Indian clearances and the receiving country’s immigration approval.
Common situations
Each route has different steps.
Adoption of a child through CARA.
Adopting a niece, nephew or grandchild.
Adopting a spouse’s child.
Adoption deed under Hindu law.
No-objection and visa process.
Recognition abroad or disputes over the adoption.
Your options
The right route depends on your status, religion and the child.
NRIs can apply for in-country adoption through CARA’s process.
Through the authorised agency or central authority where you live.
Under the Juvenile Justice Act, with the required consents.
A registered deed under the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act.
Orders are issued by the District Magistrate under the Juvenile Justice Act.
CARA’s no-objection certificate and the child’s passport and visa.
The law
Indian adoption law and international rules.
Step by step
From abroad
Inter-country adoption runs through your country’s authority or authorised agency.
CARA’s portal is used for applications.
Documents from abroad need apostille or attestation.
You may need to visit India during the process and to collect the child.
Start the receiving country’s process early.
Keep certified copies of the adoption order.
Avoid these
FAQs
Yes, through CARA’s process, as in-country or inter-country adoption depending on status and residence.
Yes, relative adoption is allowed with the required consents and procedure.
It is valid in India, but taking the child abroad may need further clearances.
Yes — India is a party, and inter-country adoptions follow it.
Related
Custody and access across borders.
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Rights, re-issue and cancellation.
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All family law matters.
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Which route your documents need.
Read →
Authorising someone in India.
Explore →
Certificates for India and abroad.
Explore →
Speak to a family lawyer in India by phone or video about adoption.
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The information provided is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Applicable laws and procedures may vary depending on the facts, jurisdiction, and circumstances of each matter. Consult a qualified legal professional before taking action. Last reviewed: November 2026.
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